關 鍵 詞: |
公共衛生法;反智傳統;宗教豁免;疫苗強制;新冠肺炎疫情 |
中文摘要: |
COVID-19 疫情自爆發以來,普遍疫苗施打被視為重要的防疫措施。美國雖然已盡速通過疫苗緊急授權並展開施打,但至 2022 年 1 月中,施打完兩劑占人口比例為 63%,只在世界排 62 名。許多論者將此一現象歸咎於美國長年的反疫苗運動、反智傳統,以及各州大多承認「宗教豁免」對抗疫苗強制令的制度。本文綜合公共衛生、社會研究調查與法律政策觀點,簡要分析疫苗宗教豁免(尤其在這次疫情中)對美國的社會與法制挑戰,以及此挑戰所啟示如何更精緻衡平公共衛生與人權保障的方向。
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英文關鍵詞: |
public health law;anti-intellectualism;religious exemption;vaccine mandate;COVID-19 pandemic |
英文摘要: |
Increasing vaccine coverage has been considered a critical measure to counter the COVID-19 pandemic. While the federal government launched a vaccination program shortly after its emergency use authorization of vaccines, the vaccine coverage of the United States is 63% that only ranks 62th around the world by mid-January, 2022. This relatively low coverage is commonly attributed to the anti-vaccine movements, and anti-intellectualism in the U.S. history, and religious exemption of vaccine mandates recognized by most state and federal laws. From a perspective of public health law and social research, this article analyzes how religious exemption challenges U.S. legal system and society (especially amidst this pandemic), as well as to explores a more sophisticated balance between public health needs and human rights protections.
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目 次: |
壹、前言 貳、簡介美國法中的疫苗強制令與宗教豁免-從 Jacobson 案判決到 COVID-19 參、反智傳統與宗教豁免間的若即若離 肆、COVID 疫苗的接受者、猶豫者與拒絕者 伍、「再退一步」:宗教豁免探索疫情中人權保障的極限 陸、結論
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